Photographic copying machine



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PHOTOGRAPHIC COPYING MACHINE Filed Oct- 6, 1942 14 ShGGtS-ShGGt 14 I -F A Hing gm Patented Nov. 8, 1949 PHOTOGRAPHIC COPYING MACHINE Paul Landrock and Arthur W. Caps, Rochester,

N. Y., assignors to Photostat Corporation, Providence, R. I., a corporation of Rhode Island Application October 6, 1942, Serial No. 460,972

13 Claims. 1

This invention relates to photographic machines, or cameras. for making reproductions of papers, records and the like, one of its objects being to provide such a machine having a more simple and efficient construction for making copies of such articles in a more rapid and convenient manner.

There are many situations in which the bulk of articles to be copied are papers of substantially uniform or, at least restricted dimensions, and another object is the provision of a more convenient and efficient machine specially adapted for such work.

Another object is to provide such a machine in the form of a desk-like article of furniture.

A further object is to provide a machine of the character described having operating and controlling mechanism of 'a simple but more automatic nature, capable .of producing copies more rapidly and with less labor.

Still a further object is the prov sion of a machine by which the above advantages are made conveniently available for copying either one or both sides of an object, and for making reproductions on one side of ordinary film or on both sides of a duplex film, as may be desired, with a minimum of manipulation of the film and of movement by the operator.

To these and other ends the inventon resides in certain improvements and combinations of parts, all as will be hereinafter more fully described, the novel features being pointed out in the claims at the end of the specification.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of a copyin machine embodying the present invention;-

Fig. 2 is a similar view, with parts removed for better illustration;

Fig. 3 1s a front elevation;

Fig. 4 is an end elevation, partly broken away;

Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation on the line 5a-5a in Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation on the line Ea6a in Fig. 3;

Fig. 7 is a sectional plan view, substantially on the line la-'ia in Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged, sectional elevation on the line 8a-8a in Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged, horizontal section through the mechanism for actuating the film feeding and severing means, substantially on the line 9a-9a in Fig. 6;

Fig. 10 is an elevation, substantially as viewed from the bottom in Fig. 9, with partsbroken away;

Fig. 11 is an enlarged detail view of the yielding driving connection to the severing means, as shown at the left in Fig. 9;

Fig. 12 is an elevation, substantially as viewed from the top in Fig. 9, showing the parts ro tated through one-half a cycle during actuation of the feeding means;

Fig. 13 is a similar view showing the parts rotated through three-quarters of a cycle during actuation of the severing means;

Fig. 14 is a similar view showing the parts returned to initial position;

Fig. 15 is a top plan view of the parts as shown in Fig. 14;

Fig. 16 is a top plan view of the mechanism for actuating the film conveyor;

Fig. 17 is a sectional elevation of the same;

Fig. 18 is an elevation substantially on the line l8al8a in Fig. 16;

Fig. 19 is a sectional view of the parts shown in Fig. 18 on line ISa-ISa thereof;

Fig. 20 is a sectional elevation of an electric switch employed in the mechanism;

Fig. 21 is a top view of the same, and

Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of the electric circuits employed.

In the embodiment of the invention herein disclosed by way of illustration, the copying machine is compactly and conveniently combined with a desk-like article of furniture, having in common therewith the same table-like, work supporting surface, housing walls and. supports. The dimensions of such parts are preferably substantially the same as those of the ordinary flat top desk, comprising a substantially horizontal, work supporting surface 30, Fig. 1, with four side walls, carried by standards or legs, indicated at 3|, Fig. 3. The front wall 32 preferably has the usual reentrant portion 33, Figs. 3 and 4, to accommodate the knees of an operator seated at the desk and the end and rear walls are preferably plain. The front wall adjacent its ends preferably accommodates a number of drawer compartments, as indicated at 34, Fig. 3.

The work supporting surface 30 comprises a pair of transparent portions 35 and 36, Fig. 1, substantially flush therewith, which serve also as the object supporting surfaces of the camera. These surfaces are preferably formed by plates of glass or other transparent material set in openings in the surface 30 and each equipped with slightly raised, rectangular, marginal portions 37, reversely arranged as shown, to serve as guides for accurately locating on these object holders the sheets or other items to be copied.

3 A central panel 38, Figs. 5 and 6, is preferably of separate construction supported along its rear side by'hinges and by stop links 39 and at its the focal plane of the camera, by reflecting means I located directly below each object holder and on opposite sides of the intermediate focal plane. These optical means are the same for the two object holders, so that a description of one will apply to both. The reflecting means comprises,

in the present instance, a glass prism 4| (Fig. 5), of any known or suitable construction, located vertically below the center of the object holder. The image from the object holder is reflected horizontally by the prism toward the intermediate focal plane, as well understood in the art,

' and preferably through a lens or system of lenses,

of knownqconstruction, arranged to project and focus the image on one side of a film supported in the focal plane, indicated at 42. This same optical system is employed under each object holder, for use either separately with single coated film or for projecting images on opposite sidesof the same sheet of double coated or duplex film. Each prism 4| and its lens system are associated with a lens tube 43, Fig. 8, mounted on the camera front, 44, connected by a bellows with an opening 46 in the front wall 41 of the camera dark chamber. A shutLer 48 is pivotally associated with the camera front and operated by means hereafter described.

The sensitized film 49 is supported and guided at its opposite sides in the focal plane by spaced, upright, channel-shaped guides 58, Figs. 6 and 8, fixed at their bottoms on shoes 5| slotted to engage an upperedge portion of a frame 52 for supporting the film feeding means and secured thereto by means of a clamping screw 52a so as to be adjustable transversely to closely fit the edges of the film. v

The film supply means preferably comprises a spool 53, Fig. 8, rotatably mounted on rollers 54 in a casing 55 fixed to and above the top 56 of the dark chamber. The film is carried from the spool over a guide roll 51, downwardly between guide plates 58 extending through an opening in the bottom of casing 55 adjacent the fixed thereto a lever85, biased by a spring 68,

Each lever 85 extends adjacent afiattened cam surface 61 (Fig. 9) of a rod 88, journalled adjacent its ends in casing 52, and having at one end a finger lever 69 (Fig. '1), by means of which the rod may be oscillated to lift lever 55 and move roll 8| away from roll 82, to facilitate the insertion or removal of the film. Below the rolls is an opening in frame 52 through which the film may be fed past the severing means and into the film conveying means hereafter described.

The film severing means may be of known or any suitable variety, comprising, in the present instance, a stationary shear bar 10, Fig. 8, on

.frame 52 with which cooperates a knife blade 1|,

Fig. 9, on a frame 12 reciprocating in guides on frame 52 toward and frgn the shear bar. The

, knife frame 12 comprises extended side rails upper ends of the film guides 50 of the dark chamber. The guide plates 58 are preferably apertured, as at 59, to receive'a contact member 88 of any known or suitable splice indicating mechanism such, for example, as disclosed in Landrock Patent 2,109,873, but forming no .part of the present invention. The film spool 53, or guide roll 51, may be provided with any known or suitable frictional means for retarding the feed of the film and maintaining it taut in the focal plane, as well understood in the art.

The film feeding means may be of known or any suitable character comprising, in the present instance, the usual pair of opposed feed rolls (ii and 62, located within frame 52, and arranged to engage the opposite sides of the film below the guides 50. The endsof roller 6| are journalled in the upper ends of a pair of arms 83 pivoted at their lower ends 64 on the front and rear walls of frame 52. Each of these arms has formed with rack teeth 13, with which cooperate gear sectors 14 fixed on a shaft 15 journalled at its ends in side wall portons of frame 52. Aspring 16 is arranged to rotate shaft 15 to retract knife blade 1|. Shaft 15 has its rear end 11 extended for connection with the actuating mechanism hereafter described.

The above film feedingand severing means are actuated in coordination with each other by a common mechanism, which will now be described. The electric motor for this mechanism is indicated at 18 (Figs. 2 and 7), mounted on a rear portion of the floor of the housing. This motor drives, through suitable gearing (not shown) a shaft 19 extended for connection with a gearing unit, indicated generally at 88- (Figs. 6 and 7), and shown in detail in Figs. 9 to 15, inclusive. Referring first to Fig. 9, drive shaft 19 has fixed thereon a bevel gear 8| meshing with a similar gear 82 on a shaft 83 journalled in suitable bearings, preferably of the ball or roller type, in the front and rear walls 84 and 85, respectively, of a supporting frame for the gearing unit.

Fixed on shaft 83 is a spur gear pinion 86,

meshing with a gear 81, fixed on a shaft 88, similarly journalled in the frame and extended at its rear end to support and drive a crank arm 89.

Rotatably connected to crank 89 is a pitman 90, having at its opposite end a slot 9|, slidably embracing a trunnion 92 fixed in a driven crank arm 93. Trunnion 92 carries a pin 94 to which is connected a coil tension spring 95, fixed at its opposite end of the pitman, this spring tending to hold trunnion 92 against the inner end of bearing slot 9| of the pitman. Crank 93 is fixed on the extended'rear end of a shaft 98 journalled in the unit frame and the crank is positively oscillated in ananti-clockwise, driving direction by engagement therewith of the inner end of the slot in 13.10 pitman. as shown in Fig. 12. On the return stroke of the pitman, the crank is oscillated idly in a clockwise direction by the tension of spring 95, as shown in Fig. 13, until an extended lug 91 on the crank strikes an adjustable stop screw 98 on the frame, as shown in Fig. 14. The adjustable stop thus determines the initial position and length of working stroke of the crank.

Shaft 98 has fixed thereon a notched disk 99 (Figs. 9 and 10), forming one-half of a one-way clutch, of known or suitable construction. In the present instance, disk 99 is formed with a' series of spaced, circumferential, cam-shaped notches I80, housing spring pressed rollers III! which roll along the inclined cam bottoms of the notches into and out of driving engagement with the inner periphery of a ring I02 fixed on the forward face of a spur gear I03 rotatably mounted on shaft 98 and meshing with a pinion I04 fixed on a shaft I05, Journalled at its ends in the frame. Shaft I has fixed thereon a spur gear I00 meshing with a pinion I01 fixed on a shaft I08 journalled at its ends in the frame and having its forward end extended and detachably clutched to a sleeve I03 rotatably mounted on the rear wall of the camera chamber. The other end of sleeve I 09 is detachably clutched at I I0 to the rearwardly extended trunnion of feed roll 52 for driving the same. This roll and its connected shaft I08 are held against rotation in a reverse direction to maintain the tension on the film, by means of a one-way clutch similar to that described above and indicated at I Illa, Figs. 9 and 10.

It will be apparent from the above construction that as the motor rotates crank 89 and oscillates pitman 90 from initial position to the position shown in Fig. 12, clutch part 99 is oscillated in an anti-clockwise direction to positively engage the other half of the clutch, or gear I03, to positively rotate feed roll 52. As pitman 90 moves to the right, as shown in Fig. 13, crank 93 is oscillated in a clockwise direction until its lug 91 strikes stop 98 against which it is held by spring 95 as trunnion 92 moves to the left in the pitman slot, as shown in Fig. 14. In this direction of motion. clutch rollers IOI disengage and leave gear I03 stationary. But the position in which crank 93 is arrested by stop 98 determines the length of the next positive stroke of crank 93 in the opposite d rection and hence the amount of rotation of the feed rolls and the distance through which the film is fed.

The severing means or film cutting knife is actuated by the above gearing unit by means comprising a pair of spaced wrist pins I I I on the rear face of gear 81, arranged to engage spaced edge surfaces H2 and II3 on a, crank arm II4, rotatably mounted on and yieldably connected to a shaft II5, Figs. 9 to 15, inclusive. To this end, arm H4 is carried by a hub IIB, rotatably mounted on shaft I I5, and has fixed thereto one end of a coil tension spring 1, the other end of which is fixed to a collar H8, fixed on shaft H5. Hub H6 is formed at its forward end with a trailing abutment II9 with which engages an tension spring I22 (Figs. 12 to 14, inclusive), one

end of which is fixed to the pulley and the other to the frame, the action of this spring being to cooperate with spring 16 to normally hold arm I I4 in its lowermost position (Fig. 12), and the knife retracted. It will be understood that actuating spring II! is stiff enough to overcome the opposition of retracting springs 16 and I22. The forward end of shaft I I5 is detachably clutched to a sleeve I23, .l'ournalled in the rear wall of the camera chamber and having its other end detachably clutched to the trunnion of knife actu ating shaft 15 (Fig. 9). It is apparent from the above construction (Fig. 18) that as gear 8? is rotated by the motor, its wrist pins II I, after actuation of the feed rolls, engage crank arm H4 and, through spring II1, yieldably advance the knife to out the film.

The conveying means for the severed film comprises preferably an extension of the bottom of the camera chamber by a housing portion I24 (Figs. 3, 5, 6 and 8). This extension lies under the main housing, with one end under the film severing means and the other projecting toward the left of the housing, as shown in Fig. 3, to convey the severed film to any suitable receptacle, indicated generally at I25. The main bottom wall I26 of the housing is formed below the feeding and severing means with a slot I21 and the conveyor housing portion I24 has in its upper wall a registering slot I28. Guides I29 guide the film, as it is fed downwardly for cutting, so that its forward edge is directed between spaced upper and lower conveyor belts I30 and'I3I, carried by pulleys I32 and I33, journalled at their ends in suitable bearings adjacent the front and rear side walls of housing portion I24. Preferably a series of such pulleys I32 are fixed on an upper shaft I34 and a series of pulleys I33 on the lower shaft I35 (Figs. 16 and 17) and the conveyor belts are supported at their opposite ends by similar pulleys and shafts, indicated generally at I36 and I31 (Fig. 3).

The rear ends of the pulley shafts are connected by intermeshing gears I38 and I39 for uniform rotation in opposite directions and the rear end of shaft I34 is detachably pinned, as by means of a slotted sleeve I40 (Figs. 17 and 19) to one of a shaft I4I, journalled at its ends in opposite sides of a frame I42 which supports a unitary gearing system for driving the conveyor. Frame I42 is fastened by any suitable means to a rear wall I43 of the conveyor housing portion, as best shown in Fig. 1'7, and is driven by an electric motor I44, fixed on an extension I45 of the bottom wall of the conveyor housing portion. The conveyor driving gearing preferably comprises a spur gear pinion I45 (Figs. 18 and 19), fixed on shaft i4I meshing with a gear I 41, fixed on a shaft I48, journalled at its ends in the frame. Shaft 48 is extended at its rear end and detachably pinned, as at I49 (Fig. 17), to a shaft I50 driven by suitable connection with the shaft of the motor I44. Shaft I48 has fixed thereon also a spur gear pinion I5 I, meshing with a gear I52, fixed on a shaft I 53, journalled in the frame, and the gear carries a wrist pin I54 for actuating an electric switch included in the circuit of the motor for stopping the same in initial position after each complete revolution of the gear I52, as hereafter explained in connection with the main electric circuit means, which will now be described.

The electric circuit means for operating and controlling the feeding and severing means preferably comprises a normally closed switch in the motor circuit, positioned for engagement and actuation by a part on the associated gearing which automatically opens the circuit when such part returns to initial position after one complete cycle of operation of the feeding and severing means. The motor circuit also includes a manually operable switch, conveniently located on the work supporting surface and connected to short-circuit the switch which is opened by the motor so that, when it is manually operated, the circuit is closed and the motor is energized, until its driven part returns to initial position at the end of the cycle and engages and opens the switch for stopping themotor in initial position. Just before completing its cycle, the same part engages and operates a second and normally open switch in the circuit of the conveyor motor for automatically starting it, to convey away the severed film, and the conveyor motor drives a part arranged to engage a third and normally closed switch so as to open its own circuit and stop itself on return to initial position.

The manually operating starting switch is preferably in the nature of a simple push button, of any known or suitable variety, conveniently located on the work surface or desk top, as indicated at I55 (Fig. 1). This switch controls a circuit comprising a cable I (Fig. 22) which leads to one terminal of the motor 18 for the feeding and severing means. The other terminal of the motor is connected through a lead 4 to the positive side of the line connection indicated generally at I56. The circuit controlled by button I55 comprises also a cable 3, with which it is connected by a main switch I51, which remains closed while the machine is in use. Cable 3 leads directly to the other, or negative side of the line, and it will thus be seen that depression of button I55 completes the circuit through the motor to start actuation of the feeding and severing means, so long as main line switch I51 is closed.

Push button I55, as stated, serves to temporarily bridge a switch in the circuit of the motor for the feeding and severing means which is normally closed but is automatically held open by the motor in its initial or starting position. To this end, driving crank 89 has fixed thereon an arm I68 (Fig. 14), formed with a slot I59. Rotatably mounted on the hub of the crank is a part I66 carrying a set screw I6I by which it is clamped to arm I56 for adjustment circumferentially to vary the time of opening of the switch. In the initial or starting position of the part I68, its outer end engages and holds up the outer end of a leaf spring I62, fixed at its other end on the casing of a switch I63. Switch I63 may be of any known or suitable single throw, quick-acting type, comprising in the present instance, a commercially available article known as a micro switch," and sold by the Micro Switch Corporation of Freeport, Illinois, as disclosed in Patent No. 1,960,020. This switch comprises a terminal I64 leading to one end of a contact plate I65 of spring metal, the

other end of which carries a contact button I66 normally engaging a conducting bar I61 of a terminal I68. A plunger I69 is depressed by spring I62 to press at its lower end against the spring plate I65 and overcome its inherent tension so as to cause its button I66 to snap quickly down into contact with a plate "II-carried by a terminal "I. Switch I63 has its terminal I64 connected, as shown, by a branch of cable I with one terminal of motor 18, the other terminal of which is connected with the power line. Terminal I68 of the. switch is connected, as shown, by a branch of cable 2 through the main switch I51 with the other side of the power line, so that the switch normally closes the circuit through the motor. The other terminal I1I, however, is unconnected and when motor 18 is in starting position, its driven part I60 holds the switch contact I66 against the unconnected terminal "I so as to hold the circuit open. Upon the momentary bridging of this switch by the manually operated button I55, however, the motor starts, the part I66 releases spring I62 so that contact button I66, actuated by the spring plate I65, snaps back into contact with bar I61 of terminal I 68 and the switch remains closed throughout the cycle of the motor until its part I60 returns again to starting position and opens the switch.

Motor 16 of the feeding and starting mechanism, as stated, automatically closes the circuit of the conveyor and this is preferably accomplished by arranging a second, quick-acting switch I12, Fig. 14, such as described above, so that Just before part I66 returns to starting position, it momentarily engages its actuating spring I13. In this case, terminal I68, normally engaged by contact I66, is unconnected and terminal IIi is connected through one branch of a cable 6 with one terminal of conveyor motor I44, the other terminal of which is connected by a branch of cable 4 with one side of the power line.

When switch I12 is operated by the motor for the feeding and severing means, therefore, the circuit is closed to start the conveyor motor after completion of the film severing operation. To stop the conveyor motor upon the completion of its cycle, a third switch I14 of the same quickacting variety is employed (Figs. 16, 18 and 19) and so arranged that its spring I15 is engaged by the wrist pin I54 of gear I52 which is driven by the conveyor motor, as previously described. Terminal I64 of the switch is connected by a branch of cable 2, through the main switch I51, with cable 3 which leads to the negative side of the line. Terminal IN is unconnected, while terminal I68 is connected by cable 6 to one terminal of the conveyor motor, the other terminal of which is connected by cable 4 with the other or positive side of the line. This switch is mechanically opened, however, by wrist pin I54, as stated, when the conveyor motor is in initial or starting position and is bridged to start the motor by switch I12 operated by the motor of the feeding and severing means when about to'complete its cycle.

The downwardly turned face of an object on each of the object holding surfaces 35 and 36 is illuminated through these transparent surfaces by lamp means in the housing below, preferably of the fluorescent tube variety. The main illumination is preferably provided by a pair of such lamps I16, on either side of the object holder, and mounted on casings I11 on an auxiliary partition I18, these parts being the same for both object holders. Casing I11 is conveniently employed to hold any operating means for the lamp and also to support reflecting shields I19 for confining the illumination to the transparent portions 35 and 36. Similar lamps I80 are similarly supported on the other two sides-of the transparent portions and similarly equipped with reflecting shields I8I. The circuits for these lamps are connected through cables 2 and 4 to opposite sides of line, when main switch I5! is closed.

The means for actuating each of the camera shutters 48, referred to above, preferably comprises a solenoid I82 :(Fig. 5), the core I83 of which is connected to one end of a fiat steel bani I84, wound around a pulley I85 fixed on an extension of a pivotal spindle I86 of each shutter. A coil spring I81 is preferably wound around and secured at one end to the pulley and fixed at its opposite end, so that, upon actuation of the solenoid, core I83 is retracted to turn the pulley and swing the shutter to the open position, shown in dotted lines in Fig. 8, against the tension of spring I81, which serves to close the shutter upon opening of the circuit. The circuit, as indicated at I88 (Fig. 22), includes a time switch I83, preferably located on the work supporting surface or desk top. Any known or suitable time switch Fig. 1, is closely associated with the starting switch I55 and the main switch I51, for convenient assembly of the control.

The operation of the machine is apparent from the above description of the construction. Either single or double coated film may be employed, as desired. Main switch I51 is closed, thereby energizing the lamp circuits. Either or both of the object holders 35 and 36 may be utilized, as the case may be, the objects being accurately located face down thereon with their edges against the guides 31. Either or both of the time switches I83 are correspondingly operated to effect suitable exposures, and button I55 is then depressed to bridge switch I63 and start motor 18 of the feeding and severing mechanism.

When the motor starts, part I60 releases spring I62 of the switch which thereupon quickly closes, after which button I55 may be released. The exposed film is thus fed downwardly through the severing knife, a distance regulated by the adjustment of stop screw 98, and pins III then operate crank II4 to actuate the severing knife. Thereafter part I60 presses momentarily against spring I13 to close switch I12, which bridges switch I14 and energizes the conveyor motor. The starting of the latter carries pin I54 out of contact with spring I15 of switch I14 which thereupon maintains the circuit closed while the film is conveyed to the receptacle I25, after which pin I54 again engages spring I15, opens switch I14 and stops the conveyor motor and the machine is thereby ready for the next exposure.

The invention affords the facilities of a desk, with its ample work supporting surface and drawer compartments, in combination with a copying machine having all of its object holders and controlling means conveniently located in the same work supporting surface. The work to be copied may be assembled on the Work surface and the operator may sit thereat and sort, or otherwise arrange the same, the selected papers being placed on the object holders and the machine controls actuated, all within easy reach of the operator, so that copies may be made and delivered to the receptacle I25, or other desired destination, with a minimum of time and efiort. At the same time the mechanisms for operating the various parts are comparatively simple and reliable in operation and inexpensive to manufacture.

The invention thus accomplishes its objects and while a preferred embodiment has been herein disclosed in detail, such disclosure is intended to be illustrative, rather than limiting, as it is contemplated that various modificat ons in the construction and arrangement of the parts will occur to those skilled in the art, within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

We claim:

1. A photographic machine comprising a housing with a table-like top having thereinran exposure opening covered by a transparency adapted to have an object manually placed in and removed from exposure position thereon, a camera in said housing having a focal plane and means for projecting on said plane the image of an object transmitted downwardly through said transparency, film supply means, film feeding and severing means, a first circuit including a motor for actuating said feeding and severing means, a conveyor for delivering the severed film from said housing, a second circuit including a motor for driving said conveyor, manually operable means for controlling said first circuit, and means operated by said first circuit for controlling said second circuit including said conveyor motor.

-2. A photographic machine comprising a housing of generally desk shape having a substantially fiat top with an exposure opening therein covered by a transparency, a camera in said housing having a focal plane and means for projecting thereon the image of an object sheet transmitted downwardly through said transparency, roll means for holding film, film feeding means located below said focal plane for drawing film by tension therethrough, film severing means, a conveyor for deliverin'; the severed film from said housing, an

electric circuit comprising motor means for actuating said feeding and severing means, and

conveying means for delivering the severed film from said housing, an electric circuit comprising motor means for actuating said feeding and severing means, a manually operable starting switch for controlling said first electric circuit, a second electric circuit comprising a driving motor for actuating said conveying means, and switch means actuated by said motor means for controlling said second electric circuit to actuate said conveying means.

4. A photographic machine comprising a housing having a table-like, top work surface with a window therein covered by a transparency ada ted to have paper sheets and like objects manually placed in and removed from facedown, exposure posit'on thereon, a camera in said housing having a focal plane and means for projecting in said plane the image of an film convey'ng means, a first eectric circuit comprising motor rceans for successively actuating said feeding and severing means, a second electric circuit comprising a driving motor for actuating said conveying means, a normally closed switch in said first circuit arranged for operation by said motor means in initial position to open said circuit, a normally open switch in said second circuit arranged for operation by said motor means, to close the same after operation of said severing means, a normally closed switch in said second electric circuit arranged for operation by said driving motor for opening said second circuit to stop said conveying means, and a manually operable switch for closing said first circuit to start the opera tion. Of, said motor means.

5. A photographic machine comprising a housing having a table-like, top work surface with a window therein covered by a transparency adapted to have a work sheet manually placed in and removed from face-down, exposure position thereon, a camera in said housing having a focal plane and means for projecting in said plane the image of an object sheet transmitted downwardly through said transparency, feed rolls for feeding a film in said plane, film severing means, a rotary element, an electric motor for driving said element, a connection between said element and said feed rolls for rotating the same, a connection between said element and said severing means for actuating the same after operation of said feed rols, a part on said rotary element, a normally closed switch in the circuit of sa d motor arranged to be engaged and opened by said part for stopping said element in initial position, and manually operable switch means for closing said circuit to start said element.

6. A photographic machine comprising a housing having a desk-li"e, top work surface formed with a window closed by a transparency adapted to support an object sheet, a camera in said housing having an upright focal plane and means for projecting in said plane an image of said sheet transmitted downwardly through sad transparency, roll means for supplying film, feed rolls below said plane for feeding a film downwardly therethrough, film severing means, a conveyor for delivering the severed film outside said housing, a motor for driving said conveyor, a

rotary element, a motor for driving said element,

connections between said element and said feed rolls and severing means for actuating the same in succession, a part on said rotary element, a normally open switch in the circuit of said conveyor motor arranged to be engaged and closed by said part for starting said conveyor motor after operation of said severing means, 2. normally closed switch in the circuit of said element motor arranged to be engaged and opened by said part for stopping said element in initial position, means actuated by said conveyor motor for opening the circuit thereof and stopping the same, and manually operable means for closing the circuit of said element motor to start the same.

7. A photographic machine comprising a housing with a table-like, top work surface provided with spaced windows therein covered by transparencies arranged to have object sheets manually placed in and removed from face-down, exposure positions thereon, means in said housing for illuminating said sheets through said transparencies, a camera in said housing having a focal plane and a pair of lens means each having an axis normal to said plane and reflecting means for receiving images of said sheets transmitted downwardly through said transparencies, respectively, and reflecting the same through said lens means against opposite sides of the film in said plane, independently operated shutter means for each of said lens means, film supply means, film feeding means, .means for severing and separating the portions of film successively exposed in said plane, an electric circuit including motor means for actuating said film feeding and severng means, and switch means located on said work surface forcontrolling said circuit.

8. A photographic machine comprising a housing with a table-like, top work surface having therein a pair of spaced transparent portions adapted to have object sheets manually placed 12 in and removed from exposure positions thereon, means in said housing for illuminating said sheets throughsaid portions, a camera in said housing provided with lenses arranged on opposite sides of the focal plane thereof with their axes normal thereto and with spaced reflecting means for receiving images of said sheets transmitted downwardly through said portions and reflecting the same through said lenses, respectively, against opposite sides of a film in said plane, a shutter for each of said lenses, an electric circuit including a motor for actuating each of said shutters, film supply means, film feeding and severing means, an electric circuit including a motor for actuating said feeding and severing means, a time switch located on said work surface for independently controlling each of said shutter circuits, and a switch on said work supporting surface for controlling said circuit for said feeding and actuating means.

9. A photographic machine comprising a housing with a substantially horizontal top work surface provided with a pair of spaced transparent portions adapted to have object sheets manually placed in and removed from exposure positions thereon, a camera in said housing having a lens on each side of the focal plane thereof, means for receiving images of said sheetstransmitted downwardly through said portions and reflecting the same through said lenses against opposite Sides of the film in said plane, respectively, film supply means above said plane, film feeding and severing means below said plane, film conveying means below said severing means, an electric circuit including a motor for actuating said feeding and severing means, an electric circuit including a motor for actuating said conveyor means, a switch on said work surface for controlling the circuit on said feeding and severing means, and a switch actuated by the motor for said feeding and severingmeans for controlling said conveyor means circuit. p

10. A photographic copying machine comprising a housing with a table-like, top work surface providedwith a pair of spaced transparent portions adapted to support object sheets in exposure position thereon, a camera in said housing having an upright focal plane and a lens on each side thereof, means for receiving images of said sheets transmitted through said portions and reflecting the same through said lenses, respectively, against opposite sides of a film in said plane, roll means for supplying film, film feeding and severing means below said plane, conveying means for delivering film outside said housing, an electric circuit including a motor for actuating said feeding and severing means, an electric circuit including a motor for actuating said conveying means, a switch on said work surface for closing the circuit of said motor for said feeding and severing means to initiate actuation thereof, an

electric switch arranged for operation by said' motor for said feeding and severing means for closing the circuit of said conveying means motor to initiate actuation thereof after the severing of the film, and a switch arranged for actuation by each of said motors for opening the circuit thereof to stop the same upon completion of the cycle of said parts actuated thereby.

11. A photographic machine comprising a housing with a table-like, top work surface provided with" spaced windows therein covered by transparencies arranged to have object sheets manually placed. in and removed from face-down, exposure positions thereon. means in said housin 

